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Key terms for DNA, inheritance, gene expression, and cell division.
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1. What is a gene?
A DNA sequence that contributes to a functional product
2. What is an allele?
An alternative form of a gene
3. What is a chromosome?
A DNA molecule packaged with proteins
4. What is a genotype?
An organism's genetic makeup for the trait being considered
5. What is a phenotype?
An observable trait or characteristic
6. What does homozygous mean?
Having two identical alleles at a gene locus
7. What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles at a gene locus
8. Which DNA bases pair together?
A with T, and C with G
adenine with thymine, and cytosine with guanine
9. What is DNA replication?
The process of copying DNA
10. What is transcription?
Using DNA as a template to make RNA
11. What is translation?
Using an mRNA sequence to build a polypeptide
12. What is a codon?
A three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that specifies an amino acid or stop signal
13. What is a mutation?
A change in a DNA sequence
14. What does mitosis produce?
Two genetically similar daughter nuclei
15. What does meiosis produce in humans?
Haploid cells that can develop into gametes